Pinealon is a tripeptide that crosses the BBB to regulate pineal and brain activity, supporting melatonin production, memory, and neuroprotection. It reduces caspase-3 activity and enhances FNDC5/irisin expression for neuronal resilience.
Pinealon
Also known as: Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR)
Overview
Benefits
- Enhances memory/focus
- Slows cognitive decline
- Supports TBI/stroke recovery
- Protects neurons
- Boosts mitochondrial health
Consider This Peptide If You Want To
- Improve cognitive function and sleep
- Support pineal activity and neuroprotection
Dosage & Administration
Dosage Guidelines
Recommended Dosage
• Amount:100 mcg
• Frequency:daily
• Duration:4 weeks
• Rest Period:8 weeks
• Time of Day:evening
• Ingestion:subcutaneous
Pair with healthy fats for optimal absorption. Avoid caffeine within 6 hours of dosing.
Administration Routes:OralSubcutaneous
Research Findings on Dosage:
• Oral Capsules:
◦ Commonly Reported Dosage: 1-2 capsules (0.215 g each) twice daily (this equates to 20-40 mg of peptide complex)
▪ 100-200 mcg for improved sleep quality
▪ 50-100 mcg for antioxidant effects
◦ Duration: 30 days
• Subcutaneous Injection:
◦ Commonly Reported Dosage: 100 mcg - 2 mg/daily
◦ Duration: 30 days, 2 months off, repeat 2-3x per year
Notes:
• Pair with healthy fats for optimal absorption.
• Avoid acidic foods or drinks to preserve peptide integrity.
• Do not consume caffeine within 6 hours of dosing.
• Store in a cool, dark place away from light.
• Maintain solid protein intake and hydration to support IGF-1 increases.
• Avoid intense evening workouts.
Mechanism of Action
Mechanism of Action
How this peptide works in the body
Chromatin Stabilization and Neuronal Gene Activation
Pinealon facilitates chromatin remodeling in cortical and hippocampal neurons by enhancing acetylation of histone H3 and H4, promoting expression of neurotrophic genes like BDNF, CREB, and NGF. This boosts synaptic plasticity and dendritic arborization essential for memory consolidation.
Neuroprotective Anti-Apoptotic Effects
It inhibits neuronal apoptosis by regulating the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential. Pinealon reduces caspase-3 activation and inhibits cytochrome c release, preventing neuronal cell death in ischemia and oxidative stress models.
Mitochondrial Support and Energy Restoration
Pinealon enhances ATP production in neurons by upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis factors such as PGC-1α and NRF1. It reduces ROS formation by increasing expression of mitochondrial SOD2 and promoting fusion proteins (MFN1, OPA1), which maintain mitochondrial integrity.
Epigenetic Regulation and Genomic Stability
The peptide activates TET-mediated DNA demethylation and modulates HDAC activity, enhancing transcription of genes involved in DNA repair and replication. It prevents neuronal senescence through upregulation of FOXO3 and SIRT1 pathways.
Anti-Inflammatory Modulation in Neural Tissue
Pinealon suppresses microglial activation and inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α) by blocking MAPK and NF-κB pathways. This contributes to a neuroprotective environment, especially under chronic inflammatory stress.
Consider Stacking With
- Cortexin
- Thymalin
- Epitalon
- Selank
- Endoluten
Side Effects & Cautions
Common Side Effects
- Mild headache or vivid dreams (rare)
- Local redness if injected
Research & References
Research Highlights
Khavinson et al., 2015: Demonstrated reversal of cognitive impairment and DNA repair activation in aged rats.
Morozov et al., 2012: Showed Pinealon protects against ischemia-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons.
Trofimova et al., 2013: Reported increased BDNF expression and learning performance in aging models.
Khavinson & Linkova, 2016: Found enhanced chromatin reactivation in cortical neurons following Pinealon exposure.
References
Khavinson V, et al. "Short peptides activate DNA repair and neurogenesis in aging." Neurobiology of Aging. 2015.
Morozov VG, et al. "Protective effect of tripeptides on hippocampal neurons under ischemia." J Pept Sci. 2012.
Trofimova SV, et al. "Cognitive benefits of Pinealon in aged rodents." Russian J Gerontology. 2013.
Khavinson V, Linkova N. "Chromatin activation and memory repair using short peptides." Peptides. 2016.