Retinalamin

Retinalamin is a retina-derived peptide complex that promotes retinal neuron regeneration, enhances circulation, and protects against oxidative stress. It’s used for macular degeneration, retinopathy, and optic atrophy.

- Manage retinal degeneration or trauma

- Support vision and ocular health

Mechanism of Action

How this peptide works in the body

Retinal Chromatin Activation and Neuroprotection

Retinalamin reactivates transcription of essential neuroprotective genes in retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors. It enhances acetylation of histone H3K9 and H4K12, promoting genes like CRX, RPE65, and NRL that are involved in phototransduction and outer segment renewal. This restores photoreceptor integrity and function.

Microvascular Stabilization and Angiogenesis Modulation

The peptide normalizes angiogenic signaling in the choroid and inner retina by balancing VEGF and PEDF expression. It reduces capillary leakage and neovascularization by modulating HIF-1α expression and preventing hypoxia-driven endothelial proliferation.

Oxidative Stress Reduction in Retinal Layers

Retinalamin upregulates antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) through activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway in RPE and photoreceptor cells. It decreases lipid peroxidation and protects mitochondrial DNA from UV and light-induced damage.

Inhibition of Apoptotic Cascades in Retinal Neurons

It suppresses caspase-3 and Bax translocation while stabilizing Bcl-2 expression, thereby preventing apoptotic loss of photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Retinalamin also reduces ER stress by regulating CHOP and GRP78.

Enhancement of Visual Neurotransmission

By modulating synaptic protein expression (e.g., synaptophysin, PSD-95), the peptide restores neurotransmitter cycling and retinal signal transmission. This leads to improvements in visual acuity and retinal response amplitude.