SLU-PP-332

SLU-PP-332 is an estrogen-related receptor (ERR) agonist that mimics exercise by boosting mitochondrial activity, fatty acid oxidation, and endurance. It’s studied for obesity and metabolic disorders.

- Enhance fat metabolism and endurance

- Support mitochondrial health and aging

Mechanism of Action

How this peptide works in the body

Mitochondrial Enhancement:

SLU-PP-332 activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), stimulating nuclear respiratory factors (NRF1/NRF2) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). This upregulates mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing oxidative phosphorylation efficiency and enhancing ATP production. The result is improved cellular respiration, endurance, and metabolic efficiency.

Fatty Acid Oxidation:

SLU-PP-332 upregulates carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), the rate-limiting enzyme in mitochondrial fatty acid transport, facilitating β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. It also reduces the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), lowering malonyl-CoA levels, which further enhances mitochondrial fatty acid entry. This results in decreased visceral and subcutaneous fat stores without altering appetite.

Muscle Fiber Optimization:

SLU-PP-332 induces a phenotypic shift toward oxidative (Type IIa) muscle fibers, increasing succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and mitochondrial density in skeletal muscle. This enhances endurance capacity, power output, and muscle recovery while maintaining fast-twitch fiber function, optimizing strength during resistance training.

Thermogenesis & Energy Expenditure:

SLU-PP-332 upregulates uncoupling proteins (UCP1/UCP3) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle, increasing proton leak across the mitochondrial membrane, leading to caloric expenditure at rest. Additionally, it enhances AMPK activation, shifting metabolism toward greater energy efficiency and improving metabolic flexibility.

Nutrient Partitioning & Insulin Sensitivity:

SLU-PP-332 enhances GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle, promoting glucose uptake independent of insulin. It also activates PI3K/Akt signaling, improving insulin sensitivity and reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis. These effects enhance energy utilization, glycogen storage efficiency, and body composition.

Cardiovascular & Kidney Protection:

SLU-PP-332 improves cardiac contractility by upregulating SERCA2a (sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ ATPase) and reducing myocardial fibrosis via TGF-β inhibition. In the kidneys, it mitigates oxidative stress by activating Nrf2, reducing inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, CRP) and protecting against glomerular damage and renal ischemia.