Bibliography

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Curated references for Supplements.

  1. Chen F, et al. Association Among Dietary Supplement Use, Nutrient Intake, and Mortality Among U.S. Adults. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2019;170(9):604-613.
  2. Sesso HD, et al. Multivitamins in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease: the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) randomized clinical trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2022;115(6):1501-1510.
  3. Manson JE, et al. Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 2019;380(1):33-44.
  4. Nicholls SJ, et al. Effect of High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids vs Corn Oil on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk: The STRENGTH Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020;324(22):2268-2280.
  5. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Vitamin, Mineral, and Multivitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2022;327(23):2326-2333.
  6. Demmer RT, et al. Accuracy of Melatonin Content in Commercially Available Nutritional Supplements. JAMA. 2023;329(16):1401-1402.
  7. Pilchik RS, et al. Actions Taken Following FDA Warning Letters for Tainted Dietary Supplements. Journal of Dietary Supplements. 2023;20(4):516-529.
  8. Consumer Reports. Heavy Metals in Protein Powders. March 2025 Testing Report.
  9. Endocrine Society. Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2024;109(8):1907-1947.
  10. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent Falls, Fractures, and Physical Injuries in Community-Dwelling Adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Draft Recommendation Statement. December 2024.